USE OF MAGNETIC FIELDS FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
USING DUAL POLARITY CONTROL
&
WALTER RUSSELL’S EXPERIMENTS
WITH ZERO POINT ENERGY

This report is an experimental re-examination of the data reported by Westinghouse Laboratories on the work of Walter Russell. Nikola Tesla was so impressed with the theories and experiments of Walter Russell that he advised Russell to lock his knowledge in the Smithsonian for 1,000years until mankind was ready.¹ Recent research has been conducted by the authors in order to verify Russell’s theories and experiments. The experiments that Russell conducted in I927, which were verified by Westinghouse laboratories have been repeated. Russell reported at that time that he had found a novel way to change to ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in a scaled quartz tube containing water vapor.² The use of magnetic fields was shown to produce this effect. The end result of the experiments was to demonstrate a cheap and efficient method of hydrogen production for a hydrogen based fuel economy. Experiments performed to repeat these results have met with some success.

This article will represent the theory and results of experiments performed in an attempt to duplicate these tests.

Russell‘s work also involved the assembly of a device to produce energy from the background flux of fields designated by some researchers zero point energy.³ Recent research has uncovered experiments that were conducted by Walter and Lao Russell in conjunction with Raytheon Corporation in Colorado Springs and General Chapman of NORAD. The blue prints were discovered to still exist in Colorado Springs and the “Russell Optical Dynamo Generator” was found last fall in a basement, intact after 30 years. Documents to be presented will show that Russell reported anomalous effects generated as a result of his circuit configuration and magnetic field interaction.

THE PURPOSE of this article is to outline the research recently conducted in attempts to verify some of the theories and experiments of Walter Russell. Russell was President of the Society of Arts and Sciences in 1920. During this time he met many scientists of that time and began to formulate theories concerning the nature of matter and energy.⁴ In I926, Russell predicted the existence and characteristics of deuterium, tritium, neptunium and plutonium. He devised a unique periodic chart of the elements showing the position of these elements which accompanies this test.

On Russell’s chart of the elements, the elements are placed along a continuous spectrum of increasing compression and resulting density and are organized into octaves. The inert gases act as the beginning and end of each octave. (Fig. I) The chart organizes the elements in increasing order according to melting points and other characteristics until it reaches carbon. Carbon, placed in the center of the forth octave, is seen to be the balance point for the full chart and the point of perfect stability. Elements up until carbon are, according to Russell, integrating or condensing until a maximum of pressure results in the formation of carbon. Elements past carbon on the chart are expanding or disintegrating leading to the phenomenon of radioactivity.⁵

The theory proposed by Russell, and later proven by experiment (see the following section of this article), is that there is no such thing as transmutation from one element to another.⁶One element can never become another for each is voided when another condition makes it continuance impossible and another one possible. The best example of this is to be seen upon the sun. “Hydrogen flames leap for thousands of miles into the sun’s atmosphere, yet there is no hydrogen at all upon the sun’s surface until the time of its leaping into flame. If the amount of hydrogen which explodes from the sun’s surface in one week existed upon the sun, there would be no sun. The sun generates hydrogen and it burns simultaneously.”⁷

Russell maintained that elements were not things, they are conditions. In order to prove this, he set up a series of experiments which will be described below. In an attempt to verify these experiments, we have and are attempting to reproduce them as closely as possible. Our test data will be presented later in this article.

INITIAL EXPERIMENTS

The experiments to prove the theory set forth by Russell were done in the laboratories of the Westinghouse Lamp Company at the Bloomfield, NJ facility. A laboratory was supplied and a number of senior research scientists acted as consultants to the project. In Russell’s words ⁸ be “demonstrated this principle of dual polarity and control by arranging two pairs of solenoids one with more windings than the other in such a manner that the dual polarity of nature was simulated. With a steel or glass disc for an equator and a steel rod for amplitude, I adjusted my solenoids approximately to a plane angle where I roughly calculated oxygen belonged in its octave. I improvised an adjustment apparatus which would enable me to fasten my adjustment securely at any angle I chose. I then inserted a few centimeters of water in an evacuated quartz tube which had electrodes at each end for spectrum analysis readings. Upon heating the tube in an electric furnace, and inserting it into the solenoid with the electric current turned on until the tube cooled, the first spectrum analysis showed over 80% to be hydrogen and the rest practically all helium. There was very little oxygen”.

Each time the apparatus was reset for a different gas, a new spectrum analysis was obtained. The procedure was able to produce a preponderance of nitrogen, oxygen, or helium, depending on the setting of the coils and their angular relationship.

The test report reproduced here in the text is an example which was reported in “A Brief Treatise On The Russell Cosmogony”.⁹

It is clear that the experiment produced a significant change in the tube. Where there had only been water vapor consisting of hydrogen and oxygen in the tube, the addition of inert gases in the amount of 69. l % were detected. The analysis showed:

Oxygen …………………… 14.9
Hydrogen ………….……..16.0
Nitrogen ....……………….69.1
or Inert Gases

Russell was convinced that the process could be refined by experiment and mathematically analyzed so that hydrogen, nitrogen, or oxygen could be obtained without the others.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The attempt to recreate the results reported by Westinghouse Laboratories used the equipment shown in photos accompanying this text. A fixture for holding four solenoids to the required angles. A power supply was built which allowed the current to each solenoid to be adjusted separately. This allowed individual control of the magnetic fields of each solenoid. The magnetic fields required for the experiment were generated by modified Guardian Electric A240 intermittent duty solenoids. The solenoids were modified only by removing the factory standard actuator and inserting a core of the same diameter, but cut to fit so that the core was flush at both ends. The magnetic fields were measured with Gaussmeter. The field strength measured at the center surface of the solenoid core, with a 600 ma current, was 1450 gauss.

The spectral analysis was conducted with a Varian AA 175 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer setup for emission spectroscopy. The analog output from the spectrometer was recorded on an HP 7100B Strip Chart Recorder. Calibration of the spectrometer was done using spectrum tubes manufactured by Electro-Technic Products Company and supplied by Edmund Scientific Company. Charts for hydrogen, nitrogen oxygen and water vapor were run using the standard tubes. The results were found to be consistent with and matched data presented in standard tables.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

The water vapor sample to be treated according to Russell’s work at Westinghouse Laboratories, was produced by heating a small amount of distilled water placed in a sealed quartz tube. The quartz tube was scrubbed chemically with nitric acid, washed repeatedly, baked out and pumped down to remove any contaminates before the sample was introduced to the tube. As can be seen from the photos of the spectrometer setup, the tube was equipped with a T fitting which allowed the tube to be evacuated before it was back filled with water. Each end of the tube contained electrodes which served a dual purpose. the tube was heated to 3oo•c using the electrodes to excite the water vapor with a 5 KV AC source. This was the method used to heat the gas sample at the Westinghouse Laboratory.

After the gas was heated, an emission chart was made using the Varian Spectrometer. The tube was then inserted into the solenoid holding fixture and magnetic fields were applied as the sample cooled. A second emission chart was then made of the treated sample.

The experimental method described above by Russell, used solenoids “one with more turns than the other“. Since this description does not give a definite explanation, the solenoids in this experiment were controlled using different currents, 500 ma on the vertical solenoids and 250 ma on the off-axis solenoids. This was an approximation at achieving the different field strengths that Russell obtained using turns ratio control.

The angles necessary are described by Russell in a number of sources. ¹⁰ Because the fixture designed for the experiment did not allow the
tight angles used by Russell, it was decided to use angles that would allow the formation of Fluorine. (the physical size of the solenoids prevented them from use at the angles specified by Russell. According to the reference material, the angle necessary for the formation of fluorine is 44 degrees from vertical.) Two of the solenoids were placed at this angle directly opposite one another as shown in the photos. When the procedure for heating the tubes and allowing them to cool, as described above, was followed, the spectrum showed an increase in the spectral peak associated with fluorine (see chart with article).

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

The fluorine peak was detected when the experiment was repeated. Each time the test was run, the sample tube was cleaned and a fresh sample of water was added. A spectrum was obtained of the new sample. The sample was then subjected to magnetic fields. The fluorine peak was again detected. These preliminary tests indicate that the Westinghouse Lab reports may be valid and that more tests are indicated.

FUTURE WORK

In order to duplicate the results described in the initial Westinghouse report, a new fixture will allow the angles that Russell used for the
formation of hydrogen and nitrogen to be reproduced. Results of these test will be reported at a future date.

EXPERIMENTS WITH ZERO POINT ENERGY

The energy of the vacuum has been analyzed and described by many researchers. ¹¹Walter Russell reported to have found a means to harness this vacuum. In the fall of 1959, General Chapman, Colonel Fry, Major Sergeant, Major Cripe, and others from NORAD in Colorado
Springs, attended a meeting at Swannanoa, Virginia at the invitation of Walter Russell. ¹²At this meeting Russell explained the workings of a
device he proposed to build to take advantage of the vacuum state energy, and the two directional movement of energy from gravitation, (generation), to radiation, (degeneration). During the following year Russell, his wife Lao, and their assistants built the device. General Chapman was advised of their progress on a routine basis.

THE DEVICE was based on the “power multiplication principle” discussed in many books Russell had written, many of which have been previously footnoted in this paper. From a memo dated March 16, 1961, the following description is given:

“This new power and light generator employs a power multiplication principle of nature….which multiplies gases of minus zero melting points into solids of over 3000 degrees; or multiplies the cold of space into hot stars and novas of incredibly high temperatures.

The reason it has never been known is because of the false concept of gravity which assumes it to be a force of attraction· which pulls inward from within instead of a cyclic force which controls the expansion of cold into heat, and the expansion of heat into cold…Nature’s first principle of power production and the construction of matter is to produce heat from the cold of space. The heat thus generated radiates back into cold to complete the wave cycle which automatically repeats itself in this ageless universe of infinite continuity.

Every wave is a perfect dynamo, but the very purpose of waves is to generate heat in its armatures at wave amplitude points. That Is the only way waves create matter.”

The prototype that was built consisted to two sets of dual coils. The coils were wound as shown in the diagram provided and included with this text. The idea behind the coils is to simulate the life cycle of the electric current as shown below. The photograph shows the actual models of the coils.

SPECTROPHOTOMETER CALIBRATION OUTPUT

The upper two traces are from the helium standard tubes. The difference between the traces. (upper two and lower two). Is due to temperature, The lower amplitude trace was obtained when the standard was at a higher temperature. The bottom two traces were obtained from the standard water vapor tube.

SPECTRUM OUTPUT WITH ATTRACTING MAGNETIC FIELDS

The solenoid configuration for this test was attracting mode. (North to South) Two solenoids were in a vertical position, the second pair of solenoids was offset from the vertical by 44 degrees. the expected angle for flourine based on the Russell charts. The two peaks on the left are flourine at wavelengths of 7311 and 7398. The next two peaks to the right are representative of nitrogen. Note the relative amplitude of the nitrogen peaks with respect to the flourine peaks.

SPECTRUM OUTPUT WITH OPPOSING MAGNETIC FIELDS

The solenoid configuration for this test was opposing mode. (North to North) Two solenoids were in a vertical position. the second pair of solenoids was offset from the vertical by 44 degrees, the expected angle for flourine based on the Russell charts. The two peaks on the for left are flourine at wavelengths of 7311 and 7398. Note the Increase in flourine amplitude relative to the next two peaks to the right which are representative of nitrogen.

On September I 0, 1961, Walter and Lao Russell reported to their contacts at NORAD, that the coils had worked and that the President of the United States could announce to the world that a “greater, safer power than atomic energy” could be provided for industry and transportation. The Russells were convinced that they had found and demonstrated a new source of energy and a conversion process for what is now known as the zero point energy.

REFERENCES
1. Russell, Lao, from the Archives of the University of Science and Philosophy, Swannanoa, Virginia 22980.

2. Russell, Walter, “A New Concept of the Universe“, the University of Science and Philosophy, 1989, pp 129,130.

3. Puthoff, H.., “Source of Electromagnetic Zero Point Energy“, Physical Review A, Nov. I, 1989, Vol 40, No. 9

4. Clark, G., “The Man Who Tapped the Secrets of the Universe“, University of Science and Philosophy, Swannanoa, VA, 13th edition, 1980.

5. Mann, J.D., “The Genius of Walter Russell”, Solstice, No. 36, May/June 1989.

6, Russell, W. “Space and the Hydrogen Age”, Address to the Annual Convention of the Eastern Electronic Association, May 13th, 1939.

7. ibid

8. Russell, W. “A Brief Treatise on the Russell Cosmogony”, The University of Science and Philosophy, Swannanoa, VA, 1953.

9. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics”, CRC Press, 1979.

10. Russell, W. “The Secret of Light“, I 947, “The Universal One“, 1926, “A Brief Treatise on the Russell Cosmogony” 1953, all published by the University of Science and Philosophy, Swannanoa, VA 22980 and “The Russell Genero-Radiative Concept“, L. Middleditch CO., 75 Varick Street, NY 1930.

11. Bearden, T., Sweet, F., “Utilizing Scalar Electromagnetics to Tap Vacuum Energy”, Proceedings of The 26th Intersociety Energy Engineering Conference, Vol. 4, p370.

Hathaway, G.D., “Zero Point Energy: A New Prime Mover?” Proceedings of The 26th lntersociety Energy Engineering Conference, Vol. 4, p376.